Programs directory
The federal and state programs that build, fund and subsidize affordable and workforce housing — who runs each one, who it serves, and how people actually get access.
| Program | Type | Run by | Since | Who it serves |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) | Grant | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Community Planning and Development | 1974 | Low- and moderate-income people, generally households at or below 80% of area median income, and the neighborhoods where they live. At least 70% of each grantee's funds must principally benefit this group. |
| Continuum of Care (CoC) Program | Grant | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Community Planning and Development | 2009 | Individuals and families experiencing homelessness, including unaccompanied youth, people with disabilities who have been chronically homeless, and survivors of domestic violence. Most projects serve people who meet the federal definition of homelessness rather than an income limit. |
| Delaware Housing Development Fund (HDF)DE | Loan | Delaware State Housing Authority (public name: Housing Delaware) | 1968 | Low- and moderate-income Delaware households, mainly renters. HDF-financed rental properties must reserve a set share of units for lower-income households for 20 years or the loan term, whichever is longer. |
| Delaware State Rental Assistance Program (SRAP)DE | Voucher | Delaware State Housing Authority (DSHA), with referrals from the Delaware Department of Health and Social Services (DHSS) and the Department of Services for Children, Youth and Their Families (DSCYF) | 2011 | Delaware residents age 18 or older with household income at or below 50% of state median income who receive supportive services from DHSS or DSCYF. This includes people leaving long-term care facilities and nursing homes, young people leaving foster care, and families for whom a lack of affordable housing is a barrier to reunification. |
| Delaware Workforce Housing Program (DWHP)DE | Grant | Delaware State Housing Authority (public name: Housing Delaware) | 2024 | Households whose income does not exceed 100% of HUD's area median income, in homes created by private investors in state-designated Investment Level 1 and 2 areas. |
| Emergency Housing Vouchers (EHV) | Voucher | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), administered by local public housing agencies in partnership with Continuums of Care | 2021 | Individuals and families who were homeless, at risk of homelessness, fleeing domestic violence, dating violence, sexual assault, stalking or human trafficking, or recently homeless and at high risk of housing instability. |
| Family Self-Sufficiency (FSS) Program | Other | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), run locally by public housing agencies and participating owners of Section 8 project-based properties | 1990 | Families with Housing Choice Vouchers, in public housing, or in Section 8 project-based properties whose owners offer the program, where at least one household member wants to work or increase earnings. |
| Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac Workforce Housing Lending | Loan | Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (government-sponsored enterprises), overseen by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) | 2023 | Renters in privately owned apartment buildings whose owners cap rents at levels affordable to households at 80% of area median income, or at 100% or 120% in markets FHFA designates as cost-burdened or very cost-burdened. Freddie Mac's products restrict rents, not tenant incomes. |
| Federal Home Loan Bank Affordable Housing Program (AHP) | Grant | The 11 Federal Home Loan Banks, regulated by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) | 1989 | Homebuyers and homeowners earning up to 80% of area median income, and rental projects in which at least 20% of units are occupied by and affordable to very low-income households (50% of area median income or less). |
| FHA Multifamily Mortgage Insurance (Section 221(d)(4) and 223(f)) | Mortgage insurance | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Federal Housing Administration, Office of Multifamily Housing Programs, through HUD-approved private lenders | 1959 | Owners and developers of rental properties with five or more units, whether for-profit or nonprofit. HUD does not set tenant income limits for market-rate properties. Affordability rules come from programs layered on top, such as the LIHTC. |
| FHA-Insured Home Loans (FHA) | Mortgage insurance | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Federal Housing Administration, through FHA-approved private lenders | 1934 | Buyers and homeowners of any income who will live in the home as their principal residence, especially first-time buyers with small down payments or modest credit scores. Loan size is capped by county-level limits. |
| Good Neighbor Next Door (GNND) | Other | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Federal Housing Administration | 2006 | Full-time law enforcement officers, pre-K through 12th grade teachers, firefighters and emergency medical technicians whose jobs serve the community where the home is located, and who have not owned a home in the past year. There is no income limit. |
| HOME Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) | Grant | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Community Planning and Development | 1990 | Renters at or below 80% of area median income, with at least 90% of HOME-assisted rental units and rental-assistance recipients at or below 60% of AMI. A 2026 law raised the statutory ceiling for homeownership assistance from 80% to 100% of AMI. |
| Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8) (HCV) | Voucher | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), administered by local public housing agencies | 1974 | Mostly very low-income households (at or below 50% of area median income), with at least 75% of each year's new admissions reserved for extremely low-income households. Some households up to 80% of AMI can qualify. |
| HUD-VASH | Voucher | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), administered by local public housing agencies and VA medical centers | 1992 | Veterans experiencing homelessness who need ongoing case management for serious mental illness, substance use disorders, physical disabilities, or other complex health needs. Since 2024, public housing agencies must admit eligible veterans with incomes up to 80% of area median income. |
| Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) | Tax credit | Internal Revenue Service (U.S. Treasury), allocated by state housing finance agencies | 1986 | Renter households at or below 60% of area median income, or up to 80% at individual units when a property elects income averaging. |
| Mortgage Revenue Bonds and Mortgage Credit Certificates (MRB / MCC) | Bond | Issued by state and local housing finance agencies; federal tax rules administered by the Internal Revenue Service (U.S. Treasury) | 1980 | Mostly first-time homebuyers with family income up to 115% of the applicable median family income (100% for households of one or two), buying homes priced at or below 90% of the area's average purchase price. Targeted areas allow higher limits. |
| National Housing Trust Fund (HTF) | Grant | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), administered by state-designated agencies | 2008 | Extremely low-income renters, at or below the greater of 30% of area median income or the federal poverty line. Because annual funding has stayed under $1 billion, HUD rules currently require all HTF money to serve this group. |
| Public Housing | Public housing | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Public and Indian Housing, through local public housing agencies | 1937 | Low-income households (at or below 80% of area median income), with at least 40% of each agency's new admissions each year reserved for extremely low-income households. Many residents are older adults, people with disabilities, or families with children. |
| Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) | Other | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Recapitalization in the Office of Multifamily Housing Programs | 2012 | Current residents of converting public housing and other covered HUD-assisted properties, most of whom have extremely low or very low incomes. Residents keep their assistance and cannot be rescreened because of a conversion. |
| Section 8 Project-Based Rental Assistance (PBRA) | Rental subsidy | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Multifamily Housing Programs | 1974 | Low-income renter households (at or below 80% of area median income), most of them very low income, with at least 40% of the assisted units that open up each year reserved for extremely low-income households. Many residents are older adults or people with disabilities. |
| Section 202 Supportive Housing for the Elderly | Grant | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Multifamily Housing Programs | 1959 | Very low-income households (at or below 50% of area median income) in which at least one member is 62 or older at move-in. Some older properties also set aside units for younger people with disabilities. |
| Section 811 Supportive Housing for Persons with Disabilities | Rental subsidy | U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Office of Multifamily Housing Programs; state housing agencies administer Project Rental Assistance | 1990 | Adults ages 18 to 61 with significant, long-term disabilities. Capital advance housing serves very low-income households (at or below 50% of area median income). Project Rental Assistance units are limited to extremely low-income households. |
| Tax-Exempt Multifamily Housing Bonds | Bond | Issued by state and local governments and housing finance agencies; federal tax rules administered by the Internal Revenue Service (U.S. Treasury) | 1968 | Rental projects that keep at least 20% of units for households at or below 50% of area median income, or at least 40% at or below 60%, for the required period. Projects that also claim 4% credits must follow LIHTC rent limits as well. |
| USDA Section 502 Single Family Housing Loans | Loan | U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Housing Service, through Rural Development state offices and approved private lenders | 1949 | Low- and very low-income households (direct loans) and low- and moderate-income households up to 115% of area median income (guaranteed loans) buying a modest home as their primary residence in a USDA-eligible rural area. |
| USDA Section 515 Rural Rental Housing | Loan | U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Housing Service, through Rural Development state offices | 1962 | Very low-, low-, and moderate-income renter households in USDA-designated rural areas, including older adults and people with disabilities. Some properties are designated for elderly households. |
| USDA Section 521 Rental Assistance | Rental subsidy | U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Rural Housing Service, through Rural Development state offices | 1974 | Low-income tenants, with priority for very low-income tenants, living in USDA-financed Section 515 rural rental properties and Section 514 farm labor housing. Most assisted households have very low incomes, and many are headed by older adults or people with disabilities. |